Coordinating, Subordinating, and Correlative Conjunctions: The Full Map
तीनों types के conjunctions सीखें — coordinating, subordinating और correlative — rules, examples और exam practice के साथ।
Conjunctions words, phrases और clauses connect करते हैं। English में तीन types हैं, और हर एक अलग rules follow करता है।
I was tired, but I worked. (coordinating — equal clauses)
Although he was tired, he worked. (subordinating — dependent clause)
Neither he nor she came. (correlative — paired)
इन्हें mix करने से errors आती हैं। यह article तीनों को clearly map करता है।
Rule box: Equal units को FANBOYS से coordinate करें। Dependent clauses को subordinators से subordinate करें। Correlative pairs parallel रखें।
| Type | Function | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Coordinating | Equal words/clauses connect करना | for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS) |
| Subordinating | Dependent clauses introduce करना | because, although, if, when, while, unless, so that |
| Correlative | Pairs में काम करना | either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and |
I was tired, but I continued.
She studied hard, so she passed.
You can have tea or coffee.
Coordinating conjunctions दो independent clauses connect करते हैं। Conjunction से पहले comma use करें।
Although he was tired, he worked.
I stayed home because it was raining.
If you study, you will pass.
Subordinating conjunctions एक dependent (subordinate) clause introduce करते हैं। Clause अकेले stand नहीं कर सकता।
Common subordinators:
- Cause: because, since, as
- Contrast: although, though, even though, while
- Condition: if, unless, provided that
- Time: when, while, before, after, until, as soon as
- Purpose: so that, in order that
- Result: so…that, such…that
Either you or she must go.
Neither he nor I was present.
Not only does she sing, but she also dances.
Both Rahul and Priya came.
Correlative conjunctions pairs में काम करते हैं। हर part के बाद structures parallel होने चाहिए।
Wrong: Not only she sings but also dances.
Right: Not only does she sing, but she also dances.
Double conjunction:
Wrong: Although he was tired but he worked.
Right: Although he was tired, he worked. / He was tired, but he worked.
Neither…or:
Wrong: Neither he or she came.
Right: Neither he nor she came.
Because of + clause:
Wrong: Because of he was ill.
Right: Because he was ill. / Because of his illness.
- क्या आप दो equal clauses connect कर रहे हैं? → Coordinating (FANBOYS)।
- क्या dependent clause add कर रहे हैं? → Subordinating।
- क्या pair use कर रहे हैं? → Correlative।
- Double conjunctions check करें। Although…but या because…so use न करें।
- Correlatives के साथ parallelism check करें।
- I was tired, but I worked. (coordinating)
- Although I was tired, I worked. (subordinating)
- Either you or I must go. (correlative)
- She studied hard, so she passed. (coordinating)
- Because it rained, the match was cancelled. (subordinating)
- Not only is she smart, but she is also kind. (correlative)
- I will come if you invite me. (subordinating)
- Both Rahul and Priya were present. (correlative)
- He was tired, yet he continued. (coordinating)
- Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus. (subordinating)
Wrong: Although he was tired but he worked.
Right: Although he was tired, he worked.
एक या दूसरा use करें, दोनों नहीं।
Wrong: Neither he or she came.
Right: Neither he nor she came.
Pair neither…nor है।
Wrong: Because of he was ill.
Right: Because he was ill.
Because of noun लेता है, clause नहीं।
Wrong: I studied hard so that I can pass. (past context)
Right: I studied hard so that I could pass.
So that clause का tense main clause से match करें।
Wrong: Not only she sings but also dances.
Right: Not only does she sing, but she also dances.
Pair के हर part के बाद structures parallel रखें।
| Wrong | Right | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Although…but | Although… / …, but… | No double conjunction. |
| Neither…or | Neither…nor | Correct pair. |
| Because of he was ill. | Because he was ill. | Because of + noun. |
Correct option चुनें।
- He was tired, ___ he continued.
a) but b) although - ___ he was ill, he came to work.
a) But b) Although - ___ he ___ she was present.
a) Neither…or b) Neither…nor - I studied hard ___ I could pass.
a) because b) so that - Error spotting: Although it was raining but we went out.
- Error spotting: Neither he or she knows the answer.
- Error spotting: Because of she was tired.
- Fill in the blank: Not only ___ she sing, but she also dances. (does / did)
- Rewrite correctly: Although he tried hard but he failed.
- Choose: You can have ___ tea ___ coffee. (either…or / neither…nor)
- but — coordinating.
- Although — subordinating.
- Neither…nor — correct pair.
- so that — purpose.
- Although it was raining, we went out.
- Neither he nor she knows the answer.
- Because she was tired.
- does — present tense.
- Although he tried hard, he failed. / He tried hard, but he failed.
- either…or — choice between two.
Rule: Coordinating = equal units (FANBOYS)। Subordinating = dependent clauses। Correlative = parallel pairs। Although…but या because…so कभी double न करें।
Memory trick: FANBOYS equals के लिए। Subordinators dependents के लिए। Correlatives pairs में आते हैं।
ये revise करें:
- I was tired, but I worked. (coordinating)
- Although I was tired, I worked. (subordinating)
- Neither he nor she came. (correlative)
- Not only does she sing, but she also dances. (correlative)