"Who" vs "Whom": The Simple Subject-Object Trick
Who vs whom made simple — the he/him trick, when to use each, and why whom is disappearing from everyday English.
“Whom” everyday spoken English से धीरे-धीरे गायब हो रहा है। Casual conversation में लगभग सब “who” कहते हैं। लेकिन परीक्षाएँ अभी भी इस फरक को test करती हैं।
अच्छी बात: सही चुनने का trick आपके सोचने से भी आसान है।
“who” और “whom” चुनने का सबसे आसान तरीका:
- मन में “he” या “him” से जवाब देखें।
- अगर “he” काम करता है → who (subject)।
- अगर “him” काम करता है → whom (object)।
(नोटिस: he = who; him = whom. Same letters.)
Who/Whom is coming? → He is coming. → Who is coming.
Who/Whom did you invite? → I invited him. → Whom did you invite.
The man who/whom I met was kind. → I met him. → The man whom I met.
The man who/whom called was angry. → He called. → The man who called.
“Who” action perform करता है। यह clause का subject है।
Who wrote this letter? (किसने लिखा?)
The person who called yesterday is my boss.
I don’t know who is responsible.
“Whom” action receive करता है। यह verb या preposition का object है।
Whom did you see? (object of “see”)
The woman whom I interviewed was impressive.
To whom should I address this letter? (preposition “to” का object)
With whom did you go?
Informal English में objects के लिए भी “who” इस्तेमाल होता है:
“Who did you give it to?” (अनौपचारिक)
“Who did you see?” (अनौपचारिक)
Formal writing और परीक्षाओं में objects के लिए “whom” expected है।
| गलत | सही |
|---|---|
| Whom is at the door? | Who is at the door? |
| Who did you send it to? | Whom did you send it to? (औपचारिक) |
| The person whom is responsible | The person who is responsible |
- ______ is your favourite teacher?
- ______ did you vote for?
- The candidate ______ won was unexpected.
- To ______ did you speak?
- She is the person ______ I was talking about.
- Who — subject (“he is your favourite teacher”)
- Whom — object (“I voted for him”)
- who — subject (“he won”)
- whom — preposition “to” का object
- whom — object (“I was talking about him”)
- Who = subject (he). Action perform करता है।
- Whom = object (him). Action receive करता है।
- Substitution trick: “he” काम करे → who; “him” काम करे → whom।
- परीक्षाओं में objects के लिए “whom” इस्तेमाल करें।