How to Find the Subject in a Confusing Sentence
Confusing sentence में subject find करना सीखें: extra phrases, clauses और inverted structures हटाकर correct verb चुनने की method.
Short sentences में subject usually easy होता है।
The boy runs fast.
लेकिन real grammar questions इतने simple नहीं रहते। वे prepositional phrases, relative clauses, long descriptions और inverted word order add कर देते हैं। फिर students often real subject की जगह nearest noun चुन लेते हैं।
Wrong: The quality of the products are poor.
Right: The quality of the products is poor.
Verb से पहले nearest noun products है, लेकिन sentence mainly products के बारे में नहीं है। Sentence the quality के बारे में है। Quality singular है, इसलिए verb is होगा।
Subject correctly find करना subject-verb agreement, tense choice, pronoun reference और sentence correction की base skill है। Subject wrong हुआ, तो बाद की grammar decisions भी shaky हो जाती हैं।
Related topics के लिए How to Identify the Main Verb in a Long Sentence और Subject-Verb Agreement with One Of revise करें।
Subject वह person, thing, idea या clause है जिसके बारे में sentence कुछ कहता है। यह clause के main verb को control करता है।
Rule box: Confusing sentence में subject find करने के लिए interrupting phrases हटाएँ और वह head noun या subject clause locate करें जो verb को control करता है।
Subject इन चीज़ों से hidden हो सकता है:
- Prepositional phrases — of the products, in the room, near the gate
- Relative clauses — who owns the shops, that you bought yesterday
- Long modifiers — sitting near the window, written by the committee
- Inverted order — There are many reasons; In the room were three students
- Noun clauses — What he said was true
Goal first noun find करना नहीं है। Goal वह noun या clause find करना है जिसके बारे में main verb actually बात कर रहा है।
Prepositional phrases अक्सर subject और verb के बीच बैठ जाते हैं।
The quality of the products is poor.
Phrase of the products सिर्फ quality को describe करता है। यह subject का number change नहीं करता।
| Full subject area | Head subject | Correct verb |
|---|---|---|
| The quality of the products | quality | is |
| The color of the walls | color | is |
| The students in the classroom | students | are |
| The price of these books | price | is |
Relative clause sentence को interrupt कर सकता है।
The man who owns the shops is here.
Relative clause के अंदर owns man से agree करता है। लेकिन full sentence का main verb is है, और वह भी man से agree करता है।
There is/there are sentences में there real subject नहीं होता। Real subject usually verb के बाद आता है।
There are many reasons.
There is one reason.
There को singular subject मत मानिए। Verb के बाद देखें।
कभी-कभी sentence place phrase या negative expression से शुरू होता है, और subject verb के बाद आता है।
In the room were three students.
On the wall hangs a large painting.
First sentence का subject three students है। Second का subject a large painting है।
पूरा clause भी subject हो सकता है।
What he said was true.
यहाँ what he said one idea की तरह काम कर रहा है। इसलिए was correct है।
यह step-by-step method use करें:
- Main verb या verb blank find करें। किस verb को agreement चाहिए?
- Left और right दोनों देखें। Normal order में subject verb से पहले आता है; inverted sentence में बाद में भी आ सकता है।
- Prepositional phrases remove करें। of, in, on, with, for, near, among आदि से शुरू phrases temporarily cross out करें।
- Interrupting relative clauses remove करें। who, which, that, या where से शुरू clauses थोड़ी देर ignore करें।
- Head noun या full subject clause find करें। यही verb को control करता है।
- Singular या plural check करें। फिर verb form choose करें।
The quality of the products are poor.
Phrase of the products हटाएँ।
The quality ___ poor.
Subject: quality. Verb: is.
The quality of the products is poor.
The man who owns the shops are here.
Relative clause: who owns the shops.
Main subject: The man.
Verb: is.
The man who owns the shops is here.
In the room was three students.
यह inverted order है। Subject verb के बाद आता है।
Subject: three students.
Verb: were.
In the room were three students.
- The quality of the products is poor.
- The products in the box are damaged.
- The price of these books is high.
- The books on the top shelf are old.
- The man who owns the shops is here.
- The shops that belong to the man are closed.
- There are many reasons for the delay.
- There is one serious problem.
- In the room were three students.
- What she promised was difficult to deliver.
Pattern clear है: पहले noise हटाएँ, फिर real subject find करें।
The bouquet of roses ___ beautiful.
Correct: The bouquet of roses is beautiful.
Roses plural है, लेकिन prepositional phrase के अंदर है। Subject bouquet है।
The teacher who guides the students ___ strict.
Correct: The teacher who guides the students is strict.
Relative clause में दूसरा noun students है, लेकिन वह main verb को control नहीं करता।
There is many reasons.
Correct: There are many reasons.
इस structure में real subject verb के बाद आता है। Many reasons plural है।
Under the table was two bags.
Correct: Under the table were two bags.
Sentence location से शुरू है, subject से नहीं।
Collective noun meaning और English variety के हिसाब से singular या plural हो सकता है।
The team is ready.
The team are arguing among themselves. (British English में common)
Exam grammar में expected style और intended meaning के हिसाब से verb choose करें। Detail के लिए Collective Nouns Agreement देखें।
| Wrong | Right | Why |
|---|---|---|
| The quality of the products are poor. | The quality of the products is poor. | Subject quality है। |
| There is many reasons. | There are many reasons. | Real subject many reasons है। |
| The man who owns the shops are here. | The man who owns the shops is here. | Main subject man है। |
| In the room was three students. | In the room were three students. | Inverted subject plural है। |
| The color of the curtains are dull. | The color of the curtains is dull. | Subject color है। |
Correct verb चुनें या sentence correct करें।
- The answer to all these questions ___ simple.
a) is b) are - The boys near the entrance ___ waiting.
a) is b) are - There ___ several mistakes in this paragraph.
a) is b) are - On the table ___ a glass of water.
a) is b) are - Error spotting: The result of the tests are final.
- Error spotting: The woman who teaches the children are absent.
- Error spotting: Behind the school was two playgrounds.
- Fill in the blank: The pages of the old book ___ torn.
- Rewrite correctly: There is three solutions to this problem.
- Identify the subject: What he wrote was powerful.
- is — subject answer है।
- are — subject boys है।
- are — real subject several mistakes है।
- is — subject a glass of water है।
- is final — subject result है।
- is absent — subject woman है।
- were two playgrounds — inverted subject plural है।
- are — subject pages है।
- There are three solutions to this problem.
- Subject: What he wrote.
Final rule: Nearest noun देखकर verb मत चुनें। Extra phrases और clauses हटाएँ, head subject find करें, फिर verb को उसी subject से match करें।
Memory trick: Foundation judge करने से पहले decoration cross out करो।
ये examples revise करें:
- The quality of the products is poor.
- There are many reasons.
- In the room were three students.