Redundancy in English: Words You Should Not Repeat
English writing में redundancy समझें: return back, repeat again, final conclusion और past history जैसे phrases weak या wrong क्यों माने जाते हैं।
Redundancy का मतलब है जरूरत से ज़्यादा words use करना, क्योंकि same meaning repeat हो रहा होता है।
Weak: Please return back the book tomorrow.
Better: Please return the book tomorrow.
Return word already come back या give back का idea रखता है, इसलिए back वही meaning repeat करता है। Sentence समझ में आता है, लेकिन clean standard writing नहीं है।
Redundancy school essays, official letters, speeches, reports और competitive exam questions में दिखती है। Error spotting में यह especially common है क्योंकि redundant phrases everyday speech में natural लगते हैं। Students अक्सर repeat again, free gift, final conclusion, और past history जैसे phrases याद कर लेते हैं, बिना यह notice किए कि एक word unnecessary है।
यह topic clear sentence structure और editing से related है। Nearby grammar skills के लिए Misplaced Modifiers, Dangling Modifiers और The Rule of Parallelism revise करें।
Sentence redundant तब होता है जब वह same meaning repeat करता है और उससे useful emphasis, precision या style add नहीं होता।
Rule box: ऐसे words हटाइए जो किसी दूसरे word में already present idea को repeat करते हैं।
Compare करें:
Redundant: Please repeat again what you said.
Better: Please repeat what you said.
Repeat का meaning ही say or do again है। इसलिए again usually meaning repeat करता है।
Redundancy grammatical incompleteness जैसी चीज़ नहीं है। Redundant sentence grammatically formed हो सकता है, लेकिन formal English में weak, wordy या non-standard माना जा सकता है।
Redundancy verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs और fixed phrases में हो सकती है।
| Redundant Phrase | Better Form | Why |
|---|---|---|
| return back | return | Return already includes back. |
| reply back | reply | Reply already means respond. |
| repeat again | repeat | Repeat already means do again. |
| revert back | revert | Revert already suggests going back to a previous state. |
जब तक extra word कोई नया, specific meaning add न करे, verb alone use करें।
| Redundant Phrase | Better Form |
|---|---|
| final conclusion | conclusion |
| past history | history |
| future plans | plans |
| basic fundamentals | fundamentals |
| true facts | facts |
Conclusion discussion का final part होता है। History already past से related है। Facts already true होते हैं।
| Redundant Phrase | Better Form |
|---|---|
| two twins | twins / two children who are twins |
| 12 noon | noon / 12 p.m. |
| new innovation | innovation |
| advance planning | planning |
| previous experience | experience |
इनमें से कुछ speech में common हैं, लेकिन formal writing shorter form prefer करती है।
कभी-कभी intensifier adjective की force repeat करता है।
Redundant: completely full
Better: full
लेकिन intensifiers हमेशा wrong नहीं होते। Conversation में completely full emphasis के लिए acceptable हो सकता है। Exams में उन phrases पर focus करें जहाँ repetition clearly unnecessary है: free gift, past history, repeat again, return back.
जब कोई phrase suspiciously wordy लगे, यह checklist use करें।
- Main word identify करें: verb, noun, adjective या adverb.
- पूछें: इस word के अंदर already कौन सा meaning है?
- Check करें कि second word वही meaning repeat कर रहा है या नहीं।
- अगर second word नया meaning add नहीं कर रहा, उसे remove करें।
- Sentence फिर पढ़ें और confirm करें कि meaning complete है।
Please return back my notebook.
- Main word: return
- Already included meaning: give back / come back
- Repeated word: back
- Correct: Please return my notebook.
Let me repeat again the rule.
- Main word: repeat
- Already included meaning: say again
- Repeated word: again
- Correct: Let me repeat the rule.
In the final conclusion, the writer supports education.
- Main word: conclusion
- Already included meaning: final part/result
- Repeated word: final
- Correct: In the conclusion, the writer supports education.
-
Redundant: Please return back the file.
Better: Please return the file. -
Redundant: Can you repeat again the question?
Better: Can you repeat the question? -
Redundant: Every participant received a free gift.
Better: Every participant received a gift. / Every participant received a free sample. -
Redundant: The essay has a strong final conclusion.
Better: The essay has a strong conclusion. -
Redundant: We studied the past history of the city.
Better: We studied the history of the city. -
Redundant: The two companies will merge together next year.
Better: The two companies will merge next year. -
Redundant: He gave a brief summary of the report.
Better: He gave a summary of the report. -
Redundant: This is a new innovation in farming.
Better: This is an innovation in farming. -
Redundant: We need advance planning for the event.
Better: We need planning for the event. -
Redundant: The manager asked us to cooperate together.
Better: The manager asked us to cooperate.
Corrected sentences less meaningful नहीं हैं। वे cleaner हैं क्योंकि repeated idea remove हो गया है।
कई redundant phrases conversation में common हैं। लोग return back, repeat again, और free gift बोलते हैं। लेकिन exams standard written English test करते हैं, सिर्फ everyday speech नहीं।
Indian English contexts में redundancy अक्सर local-language emphasis patterns के direct translation से आती है। जैसे लोग discuss about कहते हैं क्योंकि local-language equivalent में postposition होती है। Standard English में use करें:
Correct: We discussed the issue.
Discuss about pure redundancy से ज़्यादा preposition error है, लेकिन editing principle similar है: unnecessary word हटाएँ।
Free gift advertisements में बहुत common है। यह emphasis के लिए use होता है, grammatical precision के लिए नहीं। Formal writing में gift already free होता है। अगर पैसे लग रहे हैं, तो वह really gift नहीं है।
हर repetition wrong नहीं होती। Sometimes repeated words contrast, rhythm या emphasis add करते हैं।
It was a long, long journey.
यह stylistic repetition है, careless redundancy नहीं। Grammar correction में repetition तभी remove करें जब second word useful meaning add न करे।
कोई phrase redundant दिख सकता है लेकिन technical context में useful हो सकता है। For example, past history usually redundant है, लेकिन medical writing में past history का contrast present illness या family history से हो सकता है। Exams usually general meaning use करते हैं, जब तक context कुछ और न बताए।
| Redundant | Better | Note |
|---|---|---|
| return back | return | Return includes back. |
| repeat again | repeat | Repeat includes again. |
| free gift | gift / free sample | Gift free होता है। |
| final conclusion | conclusion | Conclusion final होता है। |
| past history | history | History past होती है। |
| merge together | merge | Merge means join together. |
| cooperate together | cooperate | Cooperate means work together. |
| new innovation | innovation | Innovation naturally new होती है। |
-
कौन सा better है?
- A. Please return back the laptop.
- B. Please return the laptop.
-
कौन सा better है?
- A. The teacher repeated the rule.
- B. The teacher repeated again the rule.
-
कौन सा better है?
- A. The final conclusion was clear.
- B. The conclusion was clear.
-
कौन सा better है?
- A. We studied the history of the village.
- B. We studied the past history of the village.
Redundant word remove करें।
-
The players cooperated together during the match.
-
The shop offered a free gift with every purchase.
-
This app is a new innovation in learning.
-
Redundancy हटाकर rewrite करें: Please reply back by Monday.
-
Redundancy हटाकर rewrite करें: The two departments merged together.
-
Better word fill करें: The speaker ended with a strong ______. (final conclusion/conclusion)
- B — return already includes back.
- A — repeat already means say again.
- B — conclusion enough है।
- A — history already past से related है।
- The players cooperated during the match.
- The shop offered a gift with every purchase.
- This app is an innovation in learning.
- Please reply by Monday.
- The two departments merged.
- conclusion — final conclusion usually redundant है।
Redundancy meaning को unnecessarily repeat करती है और writing को weaker बनाती है।
Final rule: अगर एक word already idea contain करता है, तो same idea दूसरे word से repeat न करें।
Memory trick: Same meaning twice? Cut once.
ये clean forms revise करें:
return, not return back
repeat, not repeat again
conclusion, not final conclusion
Good writing ज़्यादा words use करने के बारे में नहीं है। यह right words use करने के बारे में है।